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Kumara, Honnavalli N.

Interactions of Lion-Tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) with Non-Primates in the Western Ghats, India

Abstract Views :250 | PDF Views:77

Authors

Joseph J. Erinjery ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ², K. Mohan ¹, Mewa Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Bio-Psychology Laboratory and Institute of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
2 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641 108, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 2129-2134

Abstract

Primates and non-primates inhabiting tropical forests may interact with each other since they coexist in the same communities. Primates usually interact with their prey, predators, competitors and neutral species. Using 'all occurrence' sampling, we have studied inter-specific interactions of lion-tailed macaques with non-primate species found in their habitat. We observed that the percentage of total time spent on interactions with non-primates was less than 1. Also, the percentage of total time spent in interacting with competitors, predators and neutral species was less than 0.5. The lack of predation pressure and lack of opportunities for mixed-species associations for increasing foraging efficiency appear to be the major reasons for the absence of interactions with nonprimates. By comparing with studies from other primate habitat regions, we observed that primates in South Asia interact much lesser with non-primates than those in South America and Africa. A previous study showed that the interactions of lion-tailed macaques even with other primate species in the Western Ghats are less than expected by chance.

Keywords

Inter-Specific Competition, Mixed-Species Troops, Macaca silenus, Primate–Predator Interaction.

Full Text

References

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Demography and Birth Seasonality in the Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis Umbrosus)

Abstract Views :245 | PDF Views:75

Authors

Arijit Pal ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ¹, Avadhoot D. Velankar ¹, Partha Sarathi Mishra ², Mewa Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore 641 108, IN
2 Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1732-1737

Abstract

The Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus) is confined to the southern and central Nicobar archipelago. We have collected demographic and birth data for five groups of M. f. umbrosus to understand their group structure, demography and breeding seasonality. Group size, individuals in age–sex classes and age–sex ratio did not vary between the groups and years. The birth rate was neither associated with the number of adult females in the group nor with group size. The number of births in a month was positively correlated with rainfall, and about 71% of the births occurred during the rainy season, though, the number of births did not vary systematically among the months. Perhaps, higher availability of food resources in the wet season than the rest of the year may support lactation in females and provide food for the weaned infants. The similarity in some demographic traits between the Nicobar long-tailed macaque and other subspecies indicates that these traits may be conserved over evolutionary time, while for other traits, differences among subspecies may reflect the effect of local conditions and recent histories. This is the first report on demography and birth seasonality of this unique subspecies of the long-tailed macaque.

Keywords

Birth Rate, Demography, Group Size, Population Dynamics.

Full Text

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Changes in Behaviour Following A ‘Rank Changeover by Challenge’ in the Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus)

Abstract Views :231 | PDF Views:70

Authors

Arijit Pal ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ¹, Avadhoot D. Velankar ², Partha Sarathi Mishra ³, Mewa Singh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IN
3 Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
4 Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560 064, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 672-682

Abstract

A rank changeover is a sexual strategy by primate males to gain access to reproductive females. We observed one such event in the Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus) at the Great Nicobar Island, India. In the three and half months of the post-rank changeover period, the home range reduced significantly while there was no change in the intensity of range use and day range length. The sleeping sites in the post-rank changeover period were confined to the centre of the home range. The overall mating rate and aggressive mating approach by males increased significantly during the post-rank changeover period. The females developed sexual swelling and started soliciting the immigrated males within two weeks after the rank changeover event. During this period no female conceived, which suggests that they used situation-dependent receptivity with deceptive swelling as a counter strategy to avoid male aggression for copulation.

Keywords

Between-Group Encounters, Grid Use, Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaque, Rank Changeover, Reproductive Behaviour.

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Ecological Determinants of Occupancy and Abundance of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) in Yadahalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India

Abstract Views :270 | PDF Views:89

Authors

Dinesh Kumar ¹, Avadhoot D. Velankar ², Nitin Venkatesh Ranga Rao ³, Honnavalli N. Kumara ², Partha Sarathi Mishra ², Prodyut Bhattacharya ¹, Vijay Mohan Raj ⁴

Affiliations
1 Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16-C, New Delhi 110 078, IN
2 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
3 No. 3001/1-new no. 19, 2nd Main Road, VV Mohalla, Mysuru 570 002, Karnataka, IN
4 Karnataka Forest Department, Belagavi Forest Circle, Belagavi 590 016, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 118, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 264-270

Abstract

Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), the Indian gazelle, is a widespread antelope in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Indian subcontinent; however, the species has been relatively unexplored to the south of its distribution range. In 2016, with indefinite evidence of chinkara presence in Yadahalli Reserved Forest, Karnataka, India, the Forest Department notified the area as a Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS). We conducted a study to explore their possible existence and population status at Yadahalli WLS using a novel approach. We laid 2 sq. km grid cells in the Yadahalli WLS and divided it into four replicated sub-grids using GPS. We walked the grid cells and recorded the chinkara midden and deployed camera traps for direct detection and individual identity. We recorded site covariates, i.e. tree density, tree diversity, basal area, food tree density, cattle dung, goat and sheep droppings and distance from the boundary, and detection covariates, i.e. trail length. We performed occupancy modelling based on midden recordings using PRESENCE ver. 5.3. Through the effort of 62 grids with four spatial replicates, the detection probability of chinkara was found to be 0.68 ± 0.03_SE, and the estimated averaged occupancy was 0.51 ± 0.37_SE. The present study reveals a potential population of ~85 individuals in the Yadahalli WLS, which is the known southernmost population of the species in India. This study establishes the use of novel methods for monitoring of chinkara populations which will help in the development of a conservation action plan for the species and its habitat.

Keywords

Abundance, Detection Probability, Gazella Bennettii, Occupancy.

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus) on the Nicobar Group of Islands, India

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Authors

Shanthala Kumar ¹, Honnavalli N. Kumara ², Avadhoot D. Velankar ³, Partha Sarathi Mishra ⁴, Arijit Pal ³, P. Sundararaj ¹, Mewa Singh ⁵, S. Vinoth ⁶

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, IN
2 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
3 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IN
4 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India; Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, IN
5 Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, IN
6 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108,, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 10 (2022), Pagination: 1199-1208

Abstract

Changes in the habitat can drive the species to adapt to the changing environment that may lead to a risk of infection and the emergence of diseases. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (henceforth endoparasites) in a species is an indicator of changing habitat conditions, and the study of the same is important when the species is restricted to a few islands. Macaca fascicularis umbrosus, endemic to Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal islands. The December 2004 tsunami destroyed much of its habitat and pushed them to agriculture fields, leading to a conflict. To study the endoparasites in these macaques, we collected 160 faecal samples from five groups of macaques on Great Nicobar, one group on Little Nicobar, and two groups on Katchal between 2014 and 2016. The endoparasite eggs and cysts were isolated from the faecal samples using flotation concentration and sedimentation techniques in the laboratory. The number and percent prevalence of endoparasites recorded in Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal was 13, 5 and 3, and 69.38%, 60.00% and 39.39% respectively. The Campbell Bay group on Great Nicobar had 12, whereas other groups had 2–7 endoparasite taxa. The protozoan load was higher than the helminth load but the overall, helminth, and protozoan load did not differ between the islands. Ascaris sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloide ssp., Bunostomum sp. and Balantidium coli were the predominant endoparasites. The persistence of macaque with people probably has increased the richness and prevalence of endoparasites on Great Nicobar than in the other two islands.

Keywords

Changing habitat, faecal samples, gastrointestinal parasites, islands, long-tailed macaque.

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Mammalian diversity, distribution and potential key conservation areas in the Western Ghats

Abstract Views :129 | PDF Views:84

Authors

Honnavalli N. Kumara ¹, Santanu Mahato ², Mewa Singh ³, Sanjay Molur ⁴, Avadhoot D. Velankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty Post, Coimbatore 641 108, India, IN
2 Biopsychology Laboratory, Vijnana Bhavan, Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, India, IN
3 Biopsychology Laboratory, Vijnana Bhavan, Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, India; Zoo Outreach Organization, No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti–Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore 641 035, India, IN
4 Zoo Outreach Organization, No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti–Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore 641 035, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 38-49

Abstract

An updated list confirms the presence of 134 species of wild mammals in the Western Ghats, India. The superimposed distribution range of all, and threatened species of mammals depicts the potential mammalian key diversity areas for the Western Ghats, which can be prioritized for long-term conservation. These mammalian key diversity areas are confined to the central and the southern Western Ghats. The most crucial key diversity areas for both threatened and all mammalian species occur in Pushpagiri–Talakaveri, the Nilgiri Biosphere, the Anamalai Hills, the Periyar landscape and the Agastyamalai Hills

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